NiOx纳米片修饰的棉织物用于太阳能海水蒸发-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: LIU Qiyue; MENG Ruru; ZHU Bo; CHEN Zhigang; JIANG Weizhong; YU Nuo; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China

Keywords:: nickel oxide nanosheets; interfacial evaporation; saltresistance; solar energy; seawater desalination

摘要:: 太阳能驱动的海水淡化有望缓解淡水资源短缺问题，吸引了高度关注。但目前还存在光热材料光吸收效果不理想、表面易析盐以及制备工艺复杂等问题。为解决以上问题，采用简单的化学浴沉积法在棉织物(cotton fabric,CF)表面生长具有氧缺陷的氧化镍(NiOx)纳米片。NiOx纳米片均匀覆盖在棉纤维表面，与纤维共同形成了多级微/纳结构，使得CF/NiOx光热织物在350～2500 nm范围内的光吸收率高达96.6%。利用 CF/NiOx光热织物构筑倾斜式海水蒸发器，在模拟太阳光(光强1 kW·m-2)照射下，CF/NiOx的蒸发速率最高达1.84 kg·m-2·h-1，浓缩的卤水会在重力作用下在织物底端滴落。连续蒸发20 h后，光热织物表面没有盐颗粒析出，并且蒸发器的蒸发性能没有明显衰减。因此，CF/NiOx光热织物表现出优异的太阳能海水淡化性能和长期稳定性，有望推动太阳能海水淡化技术走向实际应用。

Abstract:: Solar-driven seawater desalination technology has attracted great attention considering its potential to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources.However, there are still some issues such as inefficient light absorption of photothermal materials, salt accumulation and complex fabrication processes. To address these problems, a simple chemical bath deposition method was used to grow nickel oxide nanosheets with oxygen deficiency (NiOx) on the cotton fabric (CF) surface. The NiOx nanosheets are uniformly coated on the surface of cotton fibers, forming a hierarchical microstructure together with fibers, resulting in high light absorption efficiency of CF/NiOx fabric in a broad wavelength range of 350 to 2500 nm, as high as 96.6%. Based on the CF/NiOx fabric, a tilted solar evaporator was constructed. Under simulated sunlight (light intensity: 1 kW·m-2), the evaporation rate of CF/NiOx is 1.84 kg·m-2·h-1, and the concentrated seawater drips off at the bottom of the fabric due to gravity. After 20 h continuous evaporation, no salt particles appear on the surface of the photothermal fabric, and there is no significant degradation in the evaporator’s performance. Therefore, CF/NiOx fabric demonstrates excellent evaporation performance and long-term stability, which is expected to promote solar desalination technology to practical application.