材料基因工程与核燃料元件材料<br />-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

作者:: 卢勇1 ; 王翠萍1 ; 李林阳1 ; 贾建平2 ; 刘兴军1; （1.厦门大学材料学院，福建省，厦门市，361005;
2.表面物理与化学重点实验室，四川绵阳 621907）

Author(s):: Lu Yong1; Wang Cuiping1; Li Linyang1; Jia Jianping2; Liu Xingjun1; （1. Xiamen University, Fujian Xiamen 710016, China;
2. Science and Technology on surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Sichuan Mianyang, 621907, China)

Keywords:: ; MGI; Nuclear Fuel Element Material; CALPHAD; Phase-Field Method

摘要:: 核能由于其高能量密度和低污染排放等优点，已经成为未来能源的重要组成部分。然而，民用核燃料材料因其特殊的放射性，实验研究的安全防护成本极高，尤其是经过辐照后的核燃料材料，分析和表征手段极其有限，如果采用传统的“尝试式”材料研发方法，将会使材料的研发成本大幅提高，因此，材料基因工程的研究思路正是适合于新型民用核燃料材料研究的技术路线。本研究组多年来以开发新型民用核燃料元件材料为目标，通过第一性原理和CALPHAD技术的结合，先后建立了U、Pu等锕系元素的多组元热力学数据库，并建立了辐照场作用下的热力学模型，对辐照场作用下核燃料材料的相变热力学和动力学进行了深入研究，在热力学数据库的基础上，运用相场动力学模型对核燃料元件材料的凝固和时效过程组织演化规律进行了系统的研究。这种基于材料基因工程的多尺度、多组元的材料设计研发思路为我国新一代具有自主知识产权的民用核燃料元件材料的成分设计、组织控制、工艺优化、性能改善及服役时间预测提供了重要的理论基础，同时对材料基因工程在材料开发中的广泛应用具有重要意义。

Abstract:: Nuclear energy is an important part of the future source of energy due to their higher energy density and lower emission of pollutants. However, the traditional research method of “trial-and-error” may result in higher costs and lower efficiency because of the radioactivity of the nuclear fuels. The idea of Materials Genome Initiative（MGI）are suitable for the research and development of nuclear fuels. Focused on the nuclear fuel element material, our research group developed a multi-component thermodynamic database of U and Pu by coupling the CALPHAD and the first-principle method. Based on the thermodynamic database, the thermodynamic models under irradiation were established and the phase transformations under irradiation were systematically investigated. The microstructure evolutions of solidification and aging were simulated by using the Phase-Field method. The present multi-scale and multi-component materials design method based on MGI can provide important information for the design of composition, microstructure controlling and property improvement of nuclear fuels.