锂离子电容器电极材料研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: LI Yao; SONG Jiawang; LIU Qinglei; GU Jiajun; ZHANG Wang; ZHANG Di; (State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Keywords:: electrode-materials; li ion capacitor; electrochemistry; energy-storage device

摘要:: 锂离子电容器负极多为可嵌锂的材料，其正极则多选用具有电容特性的材料，结合了锂离子电池和电化学电容器各自的优点，具有能量密度高、功率密度高、使用寿命长等优势，是极具前景的储能器件，有望应用于新能源汽车等领域。然而锂离子电容器也存在发生嵌锂反应的负极与发生离子可逆吸附脱附的正极间动力学与比电容不匹配、使用过程中形成固态电解质膜、首次充放电不可逆容量损失高等问题，这限制了锂离子电容器进一步发展。为进一步提高锂离子电容器的使用性能，研究者们一直致力于开发新的电极材料。按照电容器负极发生反应的类型，本文将负极材料大致分为嵌入型、转化型、合金型三类并逐一介绍其研究进展。此外，本文还就目前碳基正极材料研究的几个热点方向作了简要总结，并在文末就未来对锂离子电容器的进一步研究和应用做出展望。

Abstract:: With lithium-insertion type anode and capacitive cathode, li ion capacitor combines advantages of li ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors and shows nice performance in terms of energy density, power density and lifespan. It is regarded one of the most promising energy-storage devices for new energy vehicles. However, in addition to formation of solid electrolyte interface and high irreversible capacity loss in the first cycle, lithium ion capacitor also suffers from kinetic and capacity mismatch between anode and cathode, which hinders its further development. To enhance its energy storage performance, researchers have been committed to develop novel electrode materials. Depending on the electrochemical reactions, anode materials are roughly divided into three types, which are insertion type, conversion type and alloying type, respectively. Here, besides anode materials, several research focuses on carbonous cathode materials for lithium ion capacitor are also briefly summarized. A perspective concerning further research and application of lithium ion capacitor is presented in the end.