退役锂离子电池正极材料资源化回收利用：从基础到实践-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Title:: Recycling and Utilization Technology for Cathode Materials of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries:from Basics to Practice

作者:: 李佳峰; 田磊; 刘贵清; 张卫清; 肖雷; 1. 中国矿业大学矿业工程学院，江苏徐州 221116 2. 自然资源部离子型稀土资源与环境重点实验室，江西赣州 341000 3. 江苏北矿金属循环利用科技有限公司，江苏徐州 221000 4. 中国矿业大学煤炭精细勘探与智能开发全国重点实验室，江苏徐州 221116 5. 中国矿业大学化工学院，江苏徐州 221116

Author(s):: LI Jiafeng; TIAN Lei; LIU Guiqing; ZHANG Weiqing; XIAO Lei; 1. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China 2. Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ganzhou 341000, China 3. Jiangsu BGRIMM Metal Recycling Science & Technology Co, Ltd, Xuzhou 221000, China et al.

Keywords:: lithium-ion batteries; recycling; pyrometallurgy; hydrometallurgy; bioleaching; material regeneration; supercritical fluids

摘要:: 近年来，新能源汽车的逐渐普及带动了动力锂离子电池数量的指数级增长，从而致使大量电池废弃物产生，浪费资源的同时对环境产生潜在风险。因此，退役锂离子电池的回收利用成为目前研究热点之一。综述了主要的退役锂离子电池回收利用技术及其研究现状。首先，介绍了锂离子电池的分类及特征，讨论了其回收的必要性与紧迫性。其次，总结了锂离子电池预处理及分离方法，包括机械粉碎、磁选、筛分、化学溶解、热处理等，着重分析了锂离子电池正极材料的传统回收利用技术，包括火法冶金、湿法浸出、材料再生等。最后，剖析了高效利用退役锂离子电池的新技术，包括生物浸出技术、机械化学处理方法、电化学方法、超临界流体技术以及微波/超声波技术等。基于以上分析，总结和展望了退役锂离子电池的回收和利用发展方向，为相关科研工作者和生产工作者提供借鉴。

Abstract:: In recent years, the gradual popularization of new energy vehicles has led to the exponential growth of power lithium-ion batteries. This results in a large amount of battery waste, which is both a waste of resources and a potential risk to the environment. Therefore, the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is one of the current research hotspots. This paper summarizes the main recycling technologies for spent lithium-ion batteries and their research status. Firstly, the classification and characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are introduced, and the necessity and urgency of their recycling are discussed.Secondly, the pretreatment and separation methods of lithium-ion batteries are summarized, including mechanical crushing, magnetic separation, screening, chemical dissolution, heat treatment, etc. In addition, the analysis of the traditional recycling technologies of lithium-ion batteries cathode materials are focused, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and materials regeneration. Finally, new technologies for the efficient utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries are dissected, including bioleaching technology,mechanochemical treatment, electrochemical methods, supercritical fluid technology, and microwave/ultrasonic technology. Based on the above analysis, the development direction of recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion batteries is summarized and outlooked to provide reference for related researchers and production workers.