Recently, terahertz (THz) spectrum has been proved to be one of the most potential candidates in the biomedical field on account of low photon energy, harmlessness and containing the vibration and rotation frequencies of bio-macromolecules. For the convenience of detection, an inexpensive, portable and reliable equipment is required at room temperature. However, the commercial THz sources available are not adequate. An emerging replacement, the spintronic THz emitter, is moving towards the biomedical application. These spintronic THz sources with a thickness of several nanometers, such as topological insulator (TI) and ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic (FM/NM) heterostructure, can generate high-power terahertz wave under the excitation of femtosecond laser. In addition, THz polarization tuning can be realized by changing the direction of the magnetic field or the polarization state of the pump, which can meet the needs of THz circular dichroism (TCD) spectrum detection in the biomedical field. Above all, a multi-functional, on-chip tunable, real-time biomedical spintronic terahertz source device is expected to be realized by combining spintronics, the important technological means in the post-Moore era. In this paper, beginning with the photocurrent generation mechanism of TI and FM/NM, we gained the THz emission mechanism and impact factor. Then, THz emission optimization methods of various spintronic materials were analyzed from the perspectives of materials and growth methods on the basis of the requirements of biomedical applications. Moreover, the dependence of THz emission on material properties and external environment was revealed, and the advantages and control methods of spintronic THz source were explored. We also concluded that FM/TI was suitable for biomedical detection theoretically because its THz amplitude is comparable to that of ZnTe, and the polarization can be adjusted arbitrarily. Finally, combined with the requirements and characteristics of biomedical detection, taking FM/NM and FM/TI as examples, the scene and methods of spintronic THz source in the field of biomedical detection were introduced, and its future development direction was prospected.