聚合物基力致变色材料的研究进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: WANG Taisheng; GE Yuanmeng; WANG Yurong; ZHANG Na; (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China)

Keywords:: mechanochromic; physical blending; covalent bonding; polymer; dye

摘要:: 近期，通过光学性质的变化来检测机械应力的力致变色材料引起了人们广泛的研究兴趣。这种材料可以利用机械能促使高分子链内部的化学或物理结构发生转变，因此在力学传感、自愈合材料等领域具有巨大的应用价值。总结了有关力致变色聚合物材料的发展现状，详细讨论了两种力致变色聚合物材料的制备方法。第一种方法中，染料分子是通过物理共混的方法分散于高分子基体中，高分子基体受力变形时，微观聚集的染料分子会分散开来，使材料表现出不同于之前的光学性质。第二种方法则是通过化学键将力致变色基团共价连接至高分子主链或侧链上，机械刺激会诱使力致变色基团发生原子尺度的选择性化学转变并进而导致材料光学性质的变化。最后，评述了目前这类功能高分子材料所面临的问题并对其未来的发展趋势做出了展望。

Abstract:: Recently, the mechanochromic materials, which can detect the mechanical force by changing optical properties, have invoked extensive interest. These materials can make use of mechanical energy to facilitate the transformation of the chemical or physical structures of polymer chains, so they have great application value in the fields of force sensing, self-healing materials and so on. In this review, we summarize the recent development of the mechanochromic polymer and discuss their preparation methods in detail. The first method involves the physical blending of a dye into a polymer matrix. When the polymer matrix deforms under stress, the macroscopic aggregated dye molecules will be dispersed which exhibits different optical properties. The second method refers to the covalent linking of a mechanophore to a polymer backbone or side chains. The mechanical stimulus induces the selective chemical transformation of the mechanophore at atomic scale and leads to the change of optical properties. Finally, we review the current problems faced by this kind of functional polymer and prospect the future development.