纳米叠层金属基复合材料的力学行为-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZHENG Siting; ZHAO Lei; GUO Qiang; (State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

Keywords:: metal matrix composites; nano-laminated structure; micro-/nano-mechanical tests; strengthening and toughening mechanism; deformation mechanism

摘要:: 纳米叠层金属基复合材料（nano-laminated metal matrix composites, NLMMCs）由金属和增强材料（陶瓷、非晶以及纳米碳材料）以层状形式交替叠加组成，是构型化金属基复合材料的一种典型代表。由于组分相的纳米尺度、叠层构型以及大量的异质界面，NLMMCs表现出优异的综合力学和功能性能，成为近年来材料科学的研究热点。以金属-陶瓷型、金属-非晶型和金属-纳米碳型NLMMCs为主要对象，重点综述了NLMMCs的常见制备工艺及相应的特点，并聚焦于采用微纳力学方法探究内在和外在特征尺度、叠层取向以及界面特性等对其强韧化和变形机制影响的研究新进展。最后展望了NLMMCs的发展趋势，指出了NLMMCs在特定服役条件下的力学响应机制有待进一步研究，提出了需要开发适用于在多物理场下工作的微纳尺度材料表征和测试系统，以便更精准地探究NLMMCs的使役行为。

Abstract:: Nano-laminated metal matrix composites (NLMMCs) are composed of metal and reinforcement (such as ceramic, amorphous and nanocarbon materials) alternately stacked in layers, which is a typical representative of “architectured” metal matrix composites. Due to the presence of the nano-scale of component phases, laminated configuration and abundant heterogeneous interfaces, NLMMCs are widely reported to have excellent mechanical and functional properties. Taking metal-ceramic, metal-amorphous and metal-nanocarbon NLMMCs as the objects, this article reviews the recent development on the common fabrication processing and the corresponding features of the composites. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of internal and external dimensions, nanolaminate orientation and interface feature on the strengthening, toughening and deformation mechanisms. To meet the requirements of engineering application, the study on the mechanical behavior under special service conditions is to be carried out and a micro-/nano-scale material characterization and testing system suitable for working in multiple physical fields should be developed.