血红蛋白氧载体的研究与应用进展-中国材料进展

文章信息/Info

作者:: 李菂1; 韩樾夏2; 杨芳1; （1. 东南大学生物科学与医学工程学院江苏省生物材料与器件重点实验室，江苏南京 210096）（2. 中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心，北京 100094）

Author(s):: LI Di1; HAN Yuexia2; YANG Fang1; (1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China) (2. Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China)

Keywords:: hemoglobin; oxygen carrier; oxygen delivery system; hypoxia; modification; encapsulation

摘要:: 人体多种疾病的发生常伴随着缺氧情况和乏氧微环境的出现，因此，研发性能良好的氧载体，在疾病病灶特异性递送高浓度的氧气，有望成为相关疾病治疗的新方法之一。血红蛋白来源于生物体本身，是红细胞的主要组成部分，其依靠分子中心血红素中的铁原子承担机体氧气运输的功能。因其独特的携氧特性以及优异的生物相容性与安全性，成为人工携载氧的优良仿生生物载体。然而，由于游离血红蛋白具有运载缺陷与肾毒性，研究者们通过偶联、交联、吸附等化学修饰或脂质体、聚合物等微囊包封等多种手段，在实现高氧负载的条件下，增长其循环时间。构建的这些新型氧载体结构被用于贫血、脑损伤、恶性肿瘤、缺血性休克、骨骼肌疲劳及器官肢体灌注的治疗。综述了近年来血红蛋白氧载体材料加工制备中的相关化学修饰与微囊封装手段与方法，及其面向多类疾病的治疗应用与结合其它疗法的联合治疗应用。

Abstract:: The occurrence of a variety of human diseases is often accompanied by the emergence of hypoxia and hypoxic microenvironment. Therefore, the development of oxygen carriers with good performance becomes the key to overcome various diseases and achieve many medical functions. Hemoglobin comes from the live organism. As the main component of red blood cells, hemoglobin relies on the iron atom in the molecular center heme to play the function of oxygen transport. Because of its unique oxygen carrying properties, excellent biocompatibility as well as safety, hemoglobin has become a good choice for artificial oxygen carrier. Due to the transport defects and nephrotoxicity of free hemoglobin, researchers have extended its circulation time, improved its oxygen carrying efficiency, expanded its applicable conditions and enriched its medical functions by chemical modification such as coupling, cross-linking and adsorption or microencapsulation with liposome and polymer. These oxygen carriers are used to treat anemia, brain injury, malignant tumor, ischemic shock, skeletal muscle fatigue and organ and limb perfusion. This paper reviews the chemical modification and microencapsulation methods in the preparation of hemoglobin oxygen carriers in recent years, as well as the treatment methods for many kinds of diseases and the combined application with other therapies.